Latour & Woolgar on Philosophy vs Epistemology

From the post-script to the 1986 version of ‘Laboratory Life’ by Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar:

One good reason for not dismissing philosophy is that the positions of most authors both within and beyond the social study of science are based on deep-seated ontological commitments rather than upon any empirical account of science. This is why empirical evidence (of the sort provided by Laboratory Life) is unlikely to change any minds. And this is why those who read the book through realist spectacles will see error (for example, Bazerman, 1980: 17). It is instead necessary to examine the very roots of these ontologies and to attempt to develop an alternative (Latour, 1984, 1986a). However, the particular branch of philosophy—epistemology— which holds that the only source of knowledge are ideas of reason intrinsic to the mind, is an area whose total extinction is overdue. The redundancy of epistemology is well established by flourishing sociological, historical and (other) philosophical analyses of knowledge, despite its constant assertion (directed in particular at the work of Bachelard and his French followers) of the impossibility of these disciplines. It is not that we need to apportion subject matter between epistemology and naturalistic studies of science and technology; the work of the latter is a dissipation of the former. So Laboratory Life is neither an attempt to develop an alternative epistemology nor is it an attack on philosophy. Perhaps the best way to express our position is by proposing a ten-year moratorium on cognitive explanations of science. If our French epistemologist colleagues are sufficiently confident in the paramount importance of cognitive phenomena for understanding science, they will accept the challenge. We hereby promise that if anything remains to be explained at the end of this period, we too will turn to the mind!

The ontology of Carpentry, or; The Carpentry of Carpentry

Darius Kazemi posted the first reaction to Ian Bogost’s Alien Phenomenology that I noted (we happen to have a fantastic book club together, open for anyone to join and we’re reading AP at the moment). One of Darius’ main questions for Ian was what separates ‘Carpentry’ (loosely defined as an object that ‘does’ philosophy) from the more general term we usually give to stuff that illuminates philosophically, namely ‘Art’. Darius finds Bogost’s answer to be “an unsatisfying distinction” because, for Bogost: “unlike tools and art, philosophical carpentry is built with philosophy in mind. [...] Carpentry is philosophical lab equipment.” (p.100)

Darius makes a reasonable point, saying the following:

That’s an unsatisfying distinction. I find intent-based arguments wearisome, and it’s somewhat ironic to hear an intent-based argument come from an object-oriented philosopher.

But back on up a second – if we’re doing OOO then ‘carpentry’ is itself an object, and we can look at what that object does.

As it just so happens, the object that is the Bogost-coined-term ‘carpentry’ does carpentry itself, by (philosophically) reminding us of the limitations of the human position and our reliance upon words and language. Remember that OOO (at least, OOO as found in Bogost’s book) is not about denying the correlation, but rather it’s aim is to unseat the human-world correlate from it’s throne and cast it into the messy parliament of all correlations –  just one amongst a universe of object relations.

What does this do to the ‘intent-based argument’? Well, frankly I’m not certain. But one interpretation could be that it reminds us that carpentry is not (and in fact, no word possibly can be!) a ‘universal’ object (Cf. Levi Bryant quoted on p.12: “The world does not exist…“there is no ‘super-object’ . . . that would gather all objects together in a harmonious unity.”). Instead the carpentry object points back to us as already-in-the-world, as objects in our own right.

No ‘carpentry quality’ could exist out there in ‘real’ objects… because to think in this manner is already to betray the OOO insight – there is no single “world” collective-standard to which can apply a measure of whether-or-not carpentry really exists in the object at hand. Anything we say (“It’s carpentry!”, “It’s not!”) is going to be already linguistic, it’s going to already be human. Our only method of access to The Great Outdoors is via speculation.

Carpentry does exist, but perhaps one of it’s (intended? unintended? does that matter to the object itself? to us?) most important functions will be to remind us of the carpentry of carpentry, and the carpentry of words. (A different scholar might poo-poo this notion and just say that “we’re back at the linguistic turn!” but I suspect others would disagree – we also retain speculation…)

As an addendum – perhaps I am mis-using carpentry here, but… perhaps that in itself is an act of carpentry? Maybe I’m doing philosophy with someone else’s tool and I’m holding it all wrong. Or perhaps I’ve just been infected by the meme of “going meta“. It certainly is catching.

If I think with my body

…and my body is damaged, bruised, broken, in agony, etc, etc – what does that do to my thinking?

Physical torture becomes mind control, and ‘brainwashing’ becomes much more understandable. Less serious injuries can even have serious effects on thinking (and feeling). Am I ‘in my right mind’ when I don’t want to even get up off this couch for fear of screaming muscles? Should I take the sense of not being “at my peak” more seriously? (Maybe not seriously – it probably doesn’t matter that I’m not at my ‘peak’ or whathaveyou – but it’s more real perhaps than I was giving it credit)

I dreamt last night about my body and in the dream I understood that it was just another object or unit, translating and building a world of contact between other objects. When I walk, the ‘parts’ of me don’t just perform ‘walking’… they’re enveloped completely and utterly in a body-world correlate, bringing together groups of other things – internal and external – ground and air and sugar and glucose and electrical nerve impulses and shoes and clothes and bloody-lung-oxygen systems, etcetera, etcetera, and for my body that is the entire extent of everything that exists for it. Latour’s “nature/cultures” seems to be closest to this dream-position I had, and thought it’s taken me months and months, I feel like I’ve finally understood it (even if I keep forgetting and slipping back into too-simple materialisms or scientific reductionism on a regular basis).

(I went paintballing yesterday – and I’ll have something to say about that soon)

The Beach Website as Genre

You didn’t know that websites had genres, did you? Well, they do, and I’ve discovered a new one. Blogs are a genre of website, ‘portal’ type sites are another, forums are also a genre, shops are a genre of website too… but until now no one had formally identified the Beach Website as a genre.

Check out Piha Beach, voted New Zealand’s best surf beach, located out on the far western coast of Auckland. It’s a great piece of work, even for a  website made in 2004.

This initial discover stirred my curiosity… what other famous beaches harboured a secret internet presence, and what did they demonstrate about this genre? What kind of person even looks for the website… for a beach? I have no answers, only more examples.

What kind of website would Sydney’s most famous beach have, I wondered? My answer: this kind. Is a pattern emerging?

One more, from Sydney’s Cronulla Beach. A functional, council run beach site. Very much a bureaucrat’s idea of a “good beach website”.

From the other side of the continent, Perth’s Cottesloe Beach (pretty similar to Cronulla).

And because we’re interested in an international genre, here’s Waikiki Beach, with live cams from the Hawaii Government’s website.

If I were a proper researcher I’m sure I’d go dig up some more examples, but I’m pleased with those. The Beach Website it seems comes in two forms – the remnant of the geocities-era, in which making websites for things like Beaches was still something that people did (“Hey, I wonder if Piha has a website… I wonder if I could make one?”). The other kind is just a boring slice of CMS-content with some local photos and probably a map or useless information to pad out the otherwise empty page (Cronulla: Opening Hours, 24 hours/day, 365 days/year).

It’s interesting to think about how Websites have ossified into just a few genres. It’s hard to find a site that doesn’t fit within one the few formats mentioned above (blog; forum; portal; CMS; store; I can’t really think of any others). Perhaps we’ve reached CSS saturation — and with good reason! CSS rocks, and the web is so much nicer for it… but I also wonder, no actually I’m reasonably sure, that standardisation has also curtailed a lot of the early weirdness and creativity of the internet. Who makes websites for beaches anymore? Bureaucrats and city council employees, only.

Standards and genres do things – to our expectations, and to our experiences. And in light of articles like this, I can’t help but think questioning these rapidly calcifying genres and standards is a probably a good thing. The author of that piece declines from manifesto, but I might write one. If I do, it’ll be about Doing Weird Shit with websites, like breaking them. “CSS SUX” isn’t just a song, it can also be an avant garde anti-web-standards critical stance.

“BLOGGERS, TWEETERS, PINTERESTERS, LEND ME YOUR EARS! CSS SUX! TURN OFF STYLE SHEETS AND VIEW THE INTERNET AS ITS CREATORS INTENDED! PURE AND UNADORNED WITH ‘STLYE’. THE INTERNET IS ANTI-STYLE”

This will be our rallying cry and the internet will be proper shitty.

I wonder what kind of trackback spam I’ll get now? All these beaches will probably skew and confuse my SEO spambots.

Feeling is a kind of thinking

We don’t just think in words – we also recognise that we think in images, sounds, smells, colours, even whole situations (think of dreams you’ve had where whole dimensions of experience are just given to you without being ‘known’ via any sense). The content of our thoughts are not always words. I don’t think with merely the linguistic portion of my brain… I think with my whole body.

Feeling (emotion) is a kind of thinking.

Attention and Immersion

A video essay about the term ‘immersion’ and why I think it should be replaced.

While video of Richard Lemarchand’s GDC talk is behind the GDC Vault paywall, his slides and text from the talk are online here.

I’ve received a few very nice replies and comments – Shawn Trautman wrote out some of his reservations and emailed them to me, and he quoted some of my reply here.

Robert Yang commented on the video when I posted it to my Facebook account, and he had the following to say:

I’d get more polemical than you and say that the industry actively encourages this fallacy, and the idea of the holodeck / this technology fetish results in an “immersion industry” where the Crysis 3 box says ridiculous shit like “aliens behaving realistically” — what the hell could that even possibly mean and who wrote that copy? But no one cares, because we’re used to it, and that’s what’s worth $60 instead of 6 indie games.

 

MLG[PRO] 420 FANVIDs

There’s a strange, and relatively new, genre of YouTube video, based on parodying the over-serious, über-gamer culture that surrounds professional gaming, and in particular the MLG (Major League Gaming) circuit. The typical MLG fragvid is full of over-the-top special effects, in-text commentary, and often accompanied by a dubstep soundtrack, oriented towards demonstrating a certain Pro player’s skill with the maximum of bravado. “360 no scope!” “no snipers” “~xXRunning RiotXx~” etc. The videos often reference drug culture, and feature ‘420‘ references and other elements of cannabis culture.

Sometime late in 2011 it seems some gamers across a couple of different communities (perhaps /v/ and some of the Reddit gaming sub-forums?) decided to spoof the MLG fragvid and in the process spawned a whole new genre of YouTube video. I find this parody genre strangely compelling, and for the sake of curation and posterity, have collected the best, funniest, and most demonstrative examples of the genre here in a YouTube playlist over half an hour long.

The playlist begins with my absolute favourite entry in the genre, a masterful repurposing of all the elements from the PRO fragvid. As an aside, I’ve been reading George Lakoff’s writing about categories, and following Lakoff, this first video is very much prototypical of this parody category. Bookending the playlist, the last video is a 5minutes long parody and is a less-subtle deconstruction of the MLG fragvid genre, but it makes quite explicit what is going on in this type of video. It’s useful, if less entertaining, because of how visible all of its “moving parts” are, so to speak.

There’s certainly more to say about what this genre means or is indicative of – yet more evidence of the fracturing of the gamer community as gaming becomes more mainstream and more diverse (if, perhaps, no less typically “masculine” yet), etc, etc. But there’s something very fun and clever about these parodyvids that is worth preserving without too much dissection.

So without further introduction, I present the collected playlist known as “MLG 420 PRO vids (xXCriterionCollectionXx)“.

Real talk: Shout outs to the people that helped me get here

Ever since I came back from GDC I’ve felt a little bit different. Every GDC is special, in its own unique way. Last year, I came back with a renewed awareness of my own place in games, and a real gratitude for the luck and circumstances (and indeed the real help I have received in getting here (there?)). This year I came back from GDC feeling, truly, almost like a different person.

I came back with a broadened sense of what is possible. It’s weird to say this, but I feel… larger. Like there’s more *of* me now, than there has been. I feel like there are reserves in me that I didn’t think were there before. Is this a matter of perception? Of confidence? Of perspective? I’m not sure. Maybe it’s all of these.

So I have to thank, in particular, both Michael Abbott and David Carlton for initially, over three years ago now, organising to fly me to GDC. The impact this one decision has had on me personally is beyond measure.

Also in need of thanking is Leigh Alexander, who has done a lot for me without ever being asked. She recently reminded me of this piece from July 2011 ‘On Intimacy‘ that is just the tip of the iceberg in terms of useful advice, guidance and encouragement.

And of course there’s tons of others I could mention and thank for being interested, or for being interesting, and contributing to me and my incredibly charmed online existence.

People say you’ll never really “get it together” and I’m sure that’s true – but I feel a lot closer to that ideal now than I did even a year ago. The future is something exciting for me, and not just something that is going to happen which I have to deal with it. It’s a profound shift I’m immensely privileged and grateful for – even if it is merely a matter of attitude. It’s strange but it makes me feel more like an adult than so many ‘adult’ activities (drinking, sex, renting an apartment, etc) did.

Having come all this way, I should mention some things I have in store for the future (though, as often as not, as soon as I say these things they end up changing again). I’m happy and starting to accept that my role in ‘games’, games writing etc is probably winding down, in tandem my PhD writing is winding up and I’m producing a lot more words for it now. It’s a sign of something that I don’t feel obliged to apologise to ‘readers’ for this because I think I’ve long since given up any ‘readers’ I had, trading them in for twitter followers and friends in the community. All in all, I’m pretty happy with this trade.

But I do have a thing in the works right now, and if I like the final production it might become the new ‘thing’ instead of more writing. If I ever get over this disgusting cold/tonsillitis combo I might actually put it out.

Avant-garde videogames

This video is nearly three years old, and I have no idea how I missed it in 2010, but it’s still really, really brilliant and deserves to be watched.

Great name for an iDevice

Spotted at the hotel during GDC.

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This is...

a diary of sorts for the things Ben writes that don't have a home elsewhere. The writing here is primarily an outlet for my research blogging generated through my PhD project, as well as being a foray into other fruitful thoughts and places.

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